Comparison of the spiking dynamics with experimental data.

Spike recordings from 140 neurons in primary visual cortex of macaque monkey [38, 104]. (A) Spectrogram of the spike histogram across all neurons. (B) Raster plot of spiking activity for the initial phase, t ∈ [5 s, 8 s]. (C) Raster plot of spiking activity in the later phase, t ∈ [392 s, 395 s]. Neurons are sorted according to depth of the recording electrodes with neurons closest to the surface of the brain at the top. (D) Power spectral density (PSD) of spike histograms for 140 neurons randomly sampled from all populations of V1 for three different networks simulated for T = 10 s with χ = 1(red), χ = 1.9 (gray) and χ = 2.5 (blue) and the power spectral density for χ = 1.9 for a simulation time of T = 100 s (black). (E) Comparison of simulated power spectral density with χ = 1.9 for 140 neurons randomly sampled from all populations of V1 (black) with experimental recording during low-fluctuation (green) and high-fluctuation (purple) phases and the full recording (yellow). Inset: enlargement for frequencies up to 5 Hz. All power spectra were computed using Welch’s method (see Material and methods). (F) Distribution of spike rates across single cells in experimental data (green, purple, yellow) and simulated spike trains across all layers and populations of V1.