Effect of resveratrol supplementation of the culture medium on TOMM20 and double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) levels in vitrified-warmed embryos.

Vitrified-warmed embryos were cultured with or without (0 or 0.5 μM) resveratrol for 24 h, and the embryos were stained for TOMM20 (an outer mitochondrial membrane protein) and dsDNA. A) and C): Representative images of embryos stained with antibodies against TOMM20 and dsDNA, respectively, B) and D): Levels of TOMM20 (n = 27) and dsDNA (n = 37), respectively. Levels of TOMM20 and dsDNA in vitrified-warmed embryos cultured without resveratrol (vehicle) were defined as 1.0. E) A representative image of embryos stained for TOMM20 (red), dsDNA (green), and nucleus (blue); ten stacked images of 0.03 μm thickness captured in the equatorial region of the embryo. Bars with different letters represent differences between treatments (P < 0.05). Data are presented as mean ± SEM.