Growth response to translation indicator drugs and vulnerability to programmed -1 frame-shifting of mutants lacking diphthamide and/or proper EF2 supply (<i>dph2</i>Δ, <i>eft2</i>Δ and <i>dph2</i>Δ <i>eft2</i>Δ).

(A) Serial cell dilutions of the indicated yeast stains were cultivated on media without any drugs (untreated) or supplemented with various doses of anisomycin (10, 20 μg/ml) or hygromycin (40, 80 μg/ml) at 30°C for 2–3 days. (B) Programmed -1 frame-shift assays based on a dual luciferase reporter system (scheme) carrying a viral -1 frame-shift site: 5’-GGGTTTA-3’ [62]. Luminescence based read-outs were statistically analyzed using two-tailed t-test. * (P ≤ 0.05); n.s. (P > 0.05).