Characterization of immunogenicity of avian influenza antigens encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles following mucosal and subcutaneous delivery in chickens - Fig 2

Serum HI (A), serum IgM (B) and IgG (C), and lachrymal IgG responses (D). SPF chickens were vaccinated subcutaneously with PLGA NPs formulated AIV vaccines and virosomes. Serum samples and lachrymal secretions were collected weekly for antibody determination. Data shown were mean ± SEM, (n = 6/group). P<0.05 was considered significant. Different letters within a defined single-time point show significant differences between groups, while identical letters within a defined single time point show no statistically significant differences between groups. The cut-off value for ELISA was set as the mean OD value of the Mock Nano sera plus 2 standard deviations (SD) to ensure that 95% of the OD-values for the Mock Nano sera sample fell within this range.