Characterization of immunogenicity of avian influenza antigens encapsulated in PLGA nanoparticles following mucosal and subcutaneous delivery in chickens - Fig 4

Serum HI titers (A) and serum IgG (B), and lachrymal IgG (C) and IgA (D) induced by surface modified PLGA NPs formulated AIV vaccines after nasal and ocular applications. One-week-old SPF chickens were vaccinated mucosally with nanoparticle formulated AIV vaccines or with whole-virus inactivated vaccine. Serum samples and lachrymal secretions were collected weekly for antibody determination. Data shown were mean ± SEM (n = 8/group). P<0.05 was considered significant. Different letters within a defined single time point show significant differences between groups, while identical letters within a defined single time point show no statistically significant differences between groups.