Overcoming mechanical adversity in extreme hindleg weapons - Fig 1

A) Mating S. femorata (male on top, photo: D. O’Brien). B) Male N. femorata (photo: R. Boisseau). C-E) Illustrations of lever systems. C) S. femorata hindlimb. D) Simplified machine. E) N. femorata hindlimb. Components of lever systems color coded across all structures (Lin = input lever (brown), Lout = output lever (dark blue), Fin = force in (orange), Fout = force out (light blue), fulcrum (light red)). All are best described as 3rd order levers.