WCESP inhibits <i>V</i>. <i>cholerae</i> biofilm formation.

The bacterial cultures were incubated for 24 hours without shaking in the absence and presence of 2 mg/ml of WCESP. (A) Biofilm pellicle formed at the air-water interface in the absence of WCESP, but not in the presence of WCESP. (B) Quantification of the pellicle and surface-attached bacterial cells of V. cholerae C6706 and other pathogenic bacteria in the presence and absence of WCESP. Results shown are the average of three independent experiments, and triplicate samples were tested each time; error bars are standard error of the mean. (* indicates p V. cholerae bacterial cells.