Functionalized-ZnO-Nanoparticle Seed Treatments to Enhance Growth and Zn Content of Wheat (<i>Triticum aestivum</i>) Seedlings

This study investigated the potential of ZnO-nanoparticle (NP) seed treatments for enhancing Zn nutrition in wheat (Triticum aestivum). We tested bare, ZnO core Zn3(PO4)2 shell, dextran (DEX)-coated, and dextran sulfate (DEX­(SO4))-coated ZnO NPs and ZnSO4 solution as an ionic control. We measured root and shoot Zn concentrations, lengths, biomasses, and seed germination upon termination of the assay. All ZnO NPs were more effective than ZnSO4 in increasing tissue Zn concentrations and seedling growth. Exposure to higher concentrations of ZnSO4 significantly decreased growth and germination rates relative to those of the controls and the ZnO-NP groups, whereas none of the ZnO NPs significantly affected seed germination. Bare and DEX–ZnO NPs increased Zn concentrations in wheat without decreasing growth. The results of this study demonstrated that ZnO NPs can be used as an effective seed treatment to enhance both Zn nutrition and plant growth