Population dynamics of a single parameter set.

A) Trait evolution after an optimum shift and B) allele frequency dynamics during adaptation from a single replicate. The vertical line shows when the new trait optimum was reached and line colors denote effect sizes. Time is shown on a log scale. C) The phenotypic distribution and D) site frequency spectra of segregating mutations (black) and neutral expectation (red) from 100 independent replicates. Panels show different generations including equilibrium prior to adaptation (0), during adaptation (0.005), just before the new optimum is reached (0.01), after the new optimum has been reached (0.02), and the final generation (0.1). All results are from a simulated population with constant population size, σm = 0.05, and VS = 1.