Additional file 7: of Endothelial damage, vascular bagging and remodeling of the microvascular bed in human microangiopathy with deep white matter lesions

Diagram of perivascular CD68-positive macrophages showing the density (a and c) and size (b and d) of cells in the frontoparietal (a-b) and temporal white matter (c-d) analyzed with three-way ANOVA (vascular disease x presence of DWML x white matter location) and the posthoc Games-Howell test. In the three-way ANOVA, the density of perivascular macrophages was significantly increased by vascular disease (F2,394 = 8.479, p = 0.004) and presence of DWMLs (F2,394 = 11.665, p = 0.001), and also depended on the white matter location (F1,394 = 9.135, p = 0.003). Moreover, the size of perivascular CD68-positive cells was significantly affected by vascular disease (F2,2856 = 65.003, p < 0.001) in interaction with the white matter location (F1,2856 = 19.668, p < 0.001), and the covariate age had a significant effect on the density (F1,394 = 65.231, p < 0.001) and size (F2,2856 = 9.527, p = 0.002) of the cells. a-b: In the frontoparietal white matter, posthoc analyses revealed a higher density of perivascular macrophages in DWMLs of all SVD cases (pure SVD, SVD + VBI) compared to NoSVD. Also, CD68-positive cells were significantly enlarged in the DWMLs of SVD + VBI cases compared to DWMLs in pure SVD. Neither the density nor the size of CD68-positive cells was significantly altered in the in-case control areas of SVD cases compared to the control white matter in NoSVD cases. c-d: In the temporal white matter, posthoc analyses indicated that the density of CD68-positive cells was significantly increased in-case control areas of SVD + VBI cases but not of pure SVD cases when compared to NoSVD controls. Notably, perivascular cells were significantly larger in DWMLs of SVD + VBI cases than in DWMLs of pure SVD cases or in the control white matter of NoSVD cases. The density or size of CD68-positive cells in in-case control areas in pure SVD was not altered when compared to NoSVD. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001. (TIF 19710 kb