A computational investigation of lift generation and power expenditure of Pratt’s roundleaf bat (<i>Hipposideros pratti</i>) in forward flight - Fig 15

Top: Coherent vorticity (iso-surfaces of Δ-criterion) is shown along with the wing surface pressure at four snapshots throughout the flap cycle. Bottom: Flight velocity, planform area, wing span, aerodynamic force, and aerodynamic power are plotted with each of the four snapshot locations indicated. (a) the top of the upstroke, (b) the point of maximum lift production, (c) the bottom of the downstroke, and (d) the midpoint of the upstroke.