Performance across the three phases for the five groups.

(A) Adaptation and (B) kinematic error (MPE) shown for each group (G1 to G5). Plots are mean ± s.e. across subjects for Out (red) and Return (blue) movements. The sign of the adaptation is relative to the force field experienced during training so that positive values correspond to appropriate compensation for the Training field. Similarly, MPE is positive for errors that are in the same direction as the Training force field. Note that the negative adaptation and MPE for the Out trials of Probe2, G4, reflects adaptation to the opposite force field, relative to Training.