Glut4 translocation in presence of the inhibitors of proximal or distal insulin signaling.

Translocation of Glut4 to cell membrane was determined in NV and E4 cells treated with no insulin (Control, A), insulin (B), or treated with insulin plus IR inhibitor (S961, C), IGF-1R inhibitor (PPP, D), S961+PPP combined (S961+PPP, E), or PI3K inhibitor (WM, F). Cells were trypsinized and stained with Glut4 antibody, followed by Alexa Fluor 647 secondary antibody. Stained cells were analyzed with flow cytometry to detect Glut4 on cell membrane. The E4 cells were compared to NV cells using t-test, * p≤0.05, *** p≤0.001.