Example of phase plots of subjects who exhibited entrainment (A), some level of entrainment (B), and non-entrainment (C) for a given condition. The circles represents the time of each heel strike relative to the stimulation period. A) Entrainment is represented by a vertical line of circles when gait cycles periods were stacked atop each other. B) Example of phase plots of a subjects who exhibited some level of entrainment for a given condition. C) Shows distinctive results of non-entrained to perturbation. When the heel strikes drift to the right, the actual gait cycle period was longer than the stimulation period. When the heel strikes drift to the left, the actual gait cycle period was shorter than the stimulation period.</p
<p>Stride period is plotted as a function of stride number; (a) shows entrained gaits, and (b) shows...
Human locomotion is a rhythmic task in which patterns of muscle activity are modulated by state-depe...
<p>The time difference between consecutive heel strikes of the two feet (red and grey feet) normaliz...
Example of changes in the gait cycle period for two different trials (negative (A) and positive (B) ...
Indicates the number of subjects who showed entrainment with the changes of ankle perturbation perio...
<p>Phases of the gait cycle were defined as i) stance: initial contact to toe-off; ii) step: initial...
<p>The box plot shows the distribution of walking periods of the last 15 strides before perturbation...
Indicates the number of subjects who showed entrainment with the changes of knee perturbation period...
<p>Stride duration (shown in the box plot) approximated τ<sub>P</sub> with a statistically significa...
<p>Entrainment was determined by linear regression of phase of perturbation onto stride number for t...
<p>Purple bars in A, B and C show the distribution of φ<sub>P</sub> in the last 15 strides of all en...
(A) Shows the change in gait cycle period percentage of the full amplitude ankle perturbation condit...
(A) Shows the change in gait cycle period percentage of the full amplitude knee perturbation conditi...
<p>Left: Numerical simulations of amplitude-phase model. Right: Entrainment phases from Eq. (2) deri...
<p>All mechanical and EMG traces refer to walking at spontaneous (S) velocity. The left panel shows ...
<p>Stride period is plotted as a function of stride number; (a) shows entrained gaits, and (b) shows...
Human locomotion is a rhythmic task in which patterns of muscle activity are modulated by state-depe...
<p>The time difference between consecutive heel strikes of the two feet (red and grey feet) normaliz...
Example of changes in the gait cycle period for two different trials (negative (A) and positive (B) ...
Indicates the number of subjects who showed entrainment with the changes of ankle perturbation perio...
<p>Phases of the gait cycle were defined as i) stance: initial contact to toe-off; ii) step: initial...
<p>The box plot shows the distribution of walking periods of the last 15 strides before perturbation...
Indicates the number of subjects who showed entrainment with the changes of knee perturbation period...
<p>Stride duration (shown in the box plot) approximated τ<sub>P</sub> with a statistically significa...
<p>Entrainment was determined by linear regression of phase of perturbation onto stride number for t...
<p>Purple bars in A, B and C show the distribution of φ<sub>P</sub> in the last 15 strides of all en...
(A) Shows the change in gait cycle period percentage of the full amplitude ankle perturbation condit...
(A) Shows the change in gait cycle period percentage of the full amplitude knee perturbation conditi...
<p>Left: Numerical simulations of amplitude-phase model. Right: Entrainment phases from Eq. (2) deri...
<p>All mechanical and EMG traces refer to walking at spontaneous (S) velocity. The left panel shows ...
<p>Stride period is plotted as a function of stride number; (a) shows entrained gaits, and (b) shows...
Human locomotion is a rhythmic task in which patterns of muscle activity are modulated by state-depe...
<p>The time difference between consecutive heel strikes of the two feet (red and grey feet) normaliz...