Calcium mimics the chemotactic effect of conditioned media and is an effective inducer of bone regeneration - Fig 8

(A) Host cells infiltrate the implanted scaffold, proliferate and differentiate responding to released calcium ions. (B) Cells exposed to calcium may induce the production of a myriad of endogenous growth factors and cytokines with a paracrine and autocrine effect. (C) The raise in cytosolic calcium concentrations is required to generate both the calcium and conditioned media chemotaxis.