Calcium mimics the chemotactic effect of conditioned media and is an effective inducer of bone regeneration - Fig 3

(A). Primary calvarial cells were cultured with supplemented DMEM or additional 5mM calcium for 3, 7 and 10 days. The mRNA expression was evaluated by qPCR. The effect of calcium (black circles) and media alone (empty circles) on primary calvarial cells is displayed. (B) Expression of osteogenic genes treated for 48 h with 5 mM calcium, SB431542 and AG-1296 (10 μM), a selective TGFβ1 and PDGF receptor inhibitor respectively. Data is shown as mean ± SEM. Differences considered significant at *p< 0.05, **p < 0.01, and ***p < 0.001 respect to control, and # p< 0.05, ## p < 0.01, and ### p < 0.001 respect to calcium treated cells.