Exceptional Two-Photon Absorption in Alkynylruthenium–Gold Nanoparticle Hybrids

Ruthenium alkynyl “star” complexes with tri­(2-thienyl)-, tris­(1,2,3-triazolyl)-, or triphenyl-benzene cores stabilize gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). Cyclic voltammetry, transmission electron microscopy, molecular modeling, dynamic light scattering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy studies are consistent with ca. 5 trithienyl- or triazolyl-benzene-cored star complexes decorating the exterior of each AuNP. The ca. 2.5 nm diameter (by transmission electron microscopy) trithienylbenzene-cored gold nanoparticle hybrids are significantly less absorbent than classical Brust nanoparticles stabilized by 1-dodecanethiol; with femtosecond pulsed radiation, they exhibit exceptionally strong saturable absorption and two-photon absorption across the visible range and into the near-infrared region (3 000 000 GM at 500 nm and 46 000 GM at 750 nm; 1 GM is equal to 10–50 cm4 s photon–1)