Numerically predicted airflow and aerosol dynamics during exhalation in models with varying levels of constriction: (a) cross-sectional velocity contours, and (b) distribution of exhaled aerosols that were from the diseased bronchioles only.

The airway constriction disturbs the expiratory airflow. As a result, different exhaled aerosol profiles are expected due to these flow disturbances. The four locations in (a) was defined in Fig 2b.