Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) induction by <i>L</i>. <i>amazonensis</i> in WT and TLR9 ^-/- neutrophils.

Neutrophils (1×105) were obtained from bone marrow and incubated with CSFE stained-promastigotes (La, green) at 1:5 neutrophils/parasite ratio for 4 h. Cells were then fixed and stained for anti-DNA/Histone H1, followed by the anti-mouse antibody (red) and DAPI (blue). A. C57BL/6 WT neutrophils interacting with L. amazonensis. B. TLR9-/- neutrophils interacting with L. amazonensis (Bar = 10 μm). C. Bone-marrow derived neutrophils (5×105 cells/well) from WT (white bars) or TLR9-/- (gray bars) mice were either left untreated or incubated with increasing doses of L. amazonensis promastigotes (1:1, 1:5) and NET formation was measured as the release of dsDNA measured as fold increase over control (Nil). n = 4 out of two independent experiments.