Phase portraits for the A) winner-take-all dynamics and B) robust neural integrator.

The magnitude is plotted on a logarithmic scale for easier visualization, and arrows give gradient direction. Streamlines are depicted in cyan. The nullclines of each dynamical system are shown in black. The RNI system is formulated as an extension of the tangling of nullclines in the WTA dynamics, where additional crossings of the nullclines result in stable points.