Expression of shHD showed a reversal of HD phenotype.

(A) Expression of shHD in HD cells showed a reduction in HTT expression in astrocytes (P shHD in HD cells induced expression of PGC1 in astrocytes (P shHD in HD cells induced the expression of SOD2 in astrocytes (P P P = 0.0097 respectively). However, shHD showed a significantly higher change in glutamate concentration in the supernatant (P = 0.036). Three biological replicates with three technical replicates were analyzed. (E) Expression of apoptosis associated genes in NPC showed significantly higher expression of HSPD1 (P CASP3 (P ≤ 0.05), and DDIT (P CASP9 and BCL2L1 expression among all three cell lines. No expression differences between WT NPC and shHD NPC were observed in all markers. (F) Expression of apoptosis associated genes after the differentiation showed HD astrocytes expressed significantly higher levels of HSPD1, CASP3, CASP9 and BCL2L1 compared to both WT and shHD astrocytes. shHD astrocytes showed significantly higher expression of only HSPD1 compared to WT astrocytes (P ≤ 0.05). All RT-qPCR data were analyzed with at least two biological replicates with three technical replicates. Statistical significance was determined by ANOVA and paired multiple t-test (asterisks denote following * P ≤ 0.05, ** P ≤ 0.01, *** P ≤ 0.001, and **** P ≤ 0.0001).