Hazard Ratios (HRs) and 95% CI for cancer per tertile decrease in DII, and tertile increase in MDS, at baseline in all participants (n = 100,881), men (n = 49,880), and women (n = 51,001) in the VIP.

HRs obtained from Cox regression using age as the time scale. Dietary pattern variables were included as continuous variables scaled by dividing by the sex and FFQ-specific intertertile ranges. Mean intertertile range were: DII = 1.7, MDS = 2. Estimates marked in gray had a potential non-linear association, illustrated in Fig 3. Estimates were adjusted for energy intake, BMI, physical activity, smoking, educational status, and, in the all participant analyses, stratified by sex in the Cox model. Predictive accuracy (C-index) for cancer for each model were calculated using predictions with the Cox regression models using ten-fold cross-validation. The C-index is measured on a scale from 0.5 to 1, where 0.5 corresponds to a prediction accuracy no better than guessing and 1 corresponds to perfect prediction.