data Pihain et al Evolutionary response to coexistence with close relatives.xlsx

Measurement of herbivory We assessed herbivory, using frozen leaves out of which we randomly selected 15 to 30 (variation imposed by technical constraints). As in Giffard et al. (2012), we discriminated three types of herbivory based on the feeding guild: (i) galls (ii) mines, i.e. galleries formed between the upper and the lower epidermis by insect larvae, and (iii) ectophagy, i.e. the partial or complete loss of leaf including epidermis. To quantify herbivory we first approximately quantified the surface of the leaf prior to damage by reconstructing the initial leaf shape before herbivory on a photocopy of the leaf. We traced the drawing on a grid of points of 1x1cm² (Yguel et al. 2011). Then, we laid the grid on the leaf to quantify the area lost through ectophagy or leaf mines. Throughout, “area” was the number of points covering a given damaged or undamaged part of the leaf. We also counted the number of galls and leaf mines