Synthesis, Characterization, and Comparison of Host–Guest Complexes of β‑CD with Vitamins Explored through Their Biological Activities

Herein, inclusion complexation of host β-CD with guests, viz. nicotinamide and pyridoxine (two active forms of vitamins), in both aqueous medium and solid state has been explored by means of various spectroscopic and physicochemical procedures. In vivo toxicity and in vitro anti-inflammatory properties in experimental rat models through membrane stabilization and protein denaturation test are studied here. These imperative complexes, when orally consumed, showed no toxic effect in experimental rats equal to the dose (400 mg/kg) of body weight when fed up to 28 days. Binding constants for the inclusion complexes have been designed by the Stern–Volmer approximation method and found to be higher for pyridoxine, elucidated on account of their molecular structural representation. Additionally, molecular docking aided to enlighten the most possible mode of interactions among guests and β-CD. Both of the encapsulated systems could potentially find applications in vitamin B3 and vitamin B6 formulation for the purpose of enhancing stability, absorption, and controlled delivery of these imperative vitamins. The use of β-CD as a drug delivery vehicle with vitamin B substituents into eukaryotic cells is well documented and thus increases the bioavailability of diverse therapeutics