DENV NS1 is critical for DENV-induced thrombocytopenia, prolonged bleeding time, and hemorrhage in mice.

A hemorrhagic C3H/HeN mouse model was created as described in the Methods. (A) Mouse skin samples were removed to observe local hemorrhage on day 3 after DENV injection. The number of mice with hemorrhage divided by the total number of mice inoculated in each group is indicated. Yellow arrows indicate local skin hemorrhage. (B) The clinical hemorrhage score was quantified and determined as digital hemorrhage severity. (C) The tail bleeding time and (D) platelet counts were also determined on day 3 before sacrifice. *P<0.05; Tukey’s multiple comparison test (panel B); Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA (panel C and D).