Stimulus paradigm.

A: Classes of images shown in the experiment. We used grayscale natural images (labeled ‘original’) from the ImageNet dataset [44] along with textures synthesized from these images using the texture synthesis algorithm described by [45]. Each row shows four synthesized versions of three example original images using different convolutional layers (see Materials and Methods for details). Lower convolutional layers capture more local statistics compared to higher ones. B: Stimulus sequence. In each trial, we showed a randomized sequence of images (each displayed for 60 ms covering 2 degrees of visual angle) centered on the receptive fields of the recorded neurons while the monkey sustained fixation on a target. The images were masked with a circular mask with cosine fadeout.