Increase in the risk of AF for every 1-SD increase in TC variability in the unadjusted model and models adjusted for risk factors including mean TC level.

Model 1: Adjusted for age, sex Model 2: model 1 + income, BMI, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, smoking, alcohol intake, exercise Model 3: model 2 + heart failure, ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, thyroid disorder, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, obstructive sleep apnea Model 4: model 3 + mean total cholesterol Abbreviations: AF, atrial fibrillation; CI, confidence interval; CV, coefficients of variance; HR, hazard ratios; SD, standard deviation; TC, total cholesterol; VIM, variability independent of the mean.