GA alleviates EAE by CD4⁺-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

The CD4+CD62L+ T cells were isolated from the spleen and cultured under Th17-, Treg- or Tr1-polarizing conditions, and peritoneal macrophages were cultured in presence of LPS. (A) Levels of IL-17, TGF-β and IL-10 at 72 h in culture supernatant of polarized Th17, Treg or Tr1cells, respectively. (B) Clinical scores of EAE induced by adoptive transfer of encephalitogenic CD4+ T cells from control EAE (Control) or GA EAE mice, n = 10 each. (C) Levels of IL-6, IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-23 at 16 h in culture supernatant of macrophages. Data were pooled from three independent experiments with three mice per experiment and shown as mean ± SD. *p<0.05; (A and C), one-way-ANOVA; (B), two-way ANOVA.