MOESM9 of Combining loss of function of FOLYLPOLYGLUTAMATE SYNTHETASE1 and CAFFEOYL-COA 3-O-METHYLTRANSFERASE1 for lignin reduction and improved saccharification efficiency in Arabidopsis thaliana

Additional file 9: Fig. S5. Schematic representation of shikimate pathway, aromatic amino acids (AAA) pathway, and lignin pathway association with C1 metabolism. Adapted from the following papers [13, 17, 37, 43, 93–98]. Solid Arrows represent enzymatic reactions together with the name of the enzyme that catalyzes the associated reaction. Empty circles represent the products of the enzymatic reactions along with the products’ names nearby. Dotted arrows represent multiple enzymatic reactions. Red dotted rectangles represent shikimate pathways. Amber dotted rectangles represent aromatic amino acids (AAA) pathways. Green dotted rectangles represent lignin pathways. Purple dotted rectangles represent C1 metabolism. CM: chorismatemutase; PAT: prephenate aminotransferase; ADT: arogenatedehydratase; PAL: phenylalanine ammonia-lyase; C4H: cinnamate-4-hydroxylase; 4CL: 4-coumarateCoAligase; CCR: cinnamoyl-CoA reductase; CAD: cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; C3H: p-Coumarate 3-hydroxylase; HCT: folylpolyglutamate synthase; C3′H: p-coumaroyl quinate/shikimate 3′-hydroxylase, CSE: 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate polyglutamates; COMT: caffeic acid O-methyl transferase; CCoAOMT: caffeoyl-CoA O-methyltransferase; F5H: ferulate 5-hydroxylase; CAD: cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase; SGT: sinapate:UDP-glucose glucosyltransferase; SMT: sinapoylglucose:malate sinapoyltransferase; ADC: amino deoxychorismate; ADCL: amino deoxychorismate (ADC) lyase; ADCS: amino deoxychorismate (ADC) synthase; pABA: para-aminobenzoic acid; DHPS: dihydropteroate (DHP) synthase; DHFS: dihydrofolate (DHF) synthase; DHF-Glu1: dihydrofolate with one glutamate; DHFR: dihydrofolate (DHF) reductase; THF-Glu1: tetrahydrofolate with one glutamate; FPGS: folylpolyglutamate synthase; THF-Glun: tetrahydrofolate polyglutamates; SHMT: serine hydroxymethyl transferase; CH2-THF-Glun: 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate polyglutamates; DHC: 5,10-methylene tetrahydrofolate dehydrogenase/5,10-methenyl THF cyclohydrolase; 10-CHO-THF-Glun: 10-methenyl tetrahydrofolate polyglutamates; FTHS: 10-formyltetrahydrofolate synthetase; MTHFR: methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase; CH3-THF-Glun: 5-methyl tetrahydrofolate polyglutamates; MS: methionine synthase; SAMS: S-adenosylmethionine synthetase; SAM: S-Adenosyl methionine (AdoMet); SAMMT: S-adenosylmethionine methyltransferase; SAHH: S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase