Granger causality vs Pearson’s correlation coefficient for all four body sites.

Granger causality (GC) is expressed as change in abundance of response variable (in standard deviation) as the abundance of Granger-cause increases by 1 SD. Positive coefficients indicate positive effect of the Granger-cause on response in affecting abundance, and vice versa. For a given taxon-pair, the highest coefficient among all positive coefficients and the lowest one among all negative coefficients are shown in the figure. The relationship between Pearson’s correlation and Granger causality is shown separately for positive GC and negative GC along with separate splines.