The Relationship Between Manifest Anxiety and Test Anxiety

Anxiety as an important determinant of behavior has been receiving increasing attention from both the clinician (5, 6, 15, 19, 23) and the experimental psychologist ( 2, 4, 8, 21) . Several measures of anxiety have been developed (6, 7, 9, 22) in order to study the relationship between anxiety as a personality variable and behavior in a variety of experimental situations. The purpose of this investigation was to study the interrelationships among three of the more widely used anxiety scales. Normative characteristics of the scales for the population sample will also be presented