X-ray tomography is a non-invasive imaging technique that allows producing 3D images following the acquisition of multiple 2D images at many angles. In particular, X-ray Phase-Contrast Tomography (XPCT) has been exploited for resolving the biodistribution of metal-based theranostic nanoparticles (NPs) in mice. These NPs are widely used as radiosensitizers for researches on cancer therapies and, recently to mark amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease in mice. Thanks to the high brightness of ESRF synchrotron, high resolution XPCT images were obtained and thus processed for producing 3D models of mice organs doped with gadolinium, gold or platinum NPs.In parallel, in the framework of a European project, named VOXEL (Volumetric X-ray Extremely...