Intergenerational trauma transmission and its impact on the family

V diplomskem delu govorim o konceptu medgeneracijske travme: to je prenos travme na drugo generacijo, ter o dejavnikih, ki so varovalni ali ogrožajoči pri mehanizmih prenosa travme. Najprej opredelim termin travma, posttravmatsko stresno motnjo (PTSM), ter medgeneracijsko travmo. Opredelim dejavnike, ki pripomorejo k doživljanju in prenosu travme in sicer z vidika posameznika, z vidika travmatičnega dogodka, ter z vidika družbenega sistema. V empiričnem delu skozi intervjuje štirih posameznic, dveh z izkušnjo povojnega taborišča, ter dveh, katerih starši so preživeli povojno taborišče, raziščem, kako se dejavniki prenosa travme kažejo na primeru mojih sogovornic. Ugotavljam, ali oziroma kako se travmatična izkušnja prenese na drugo generacijo, ter preverim vplive travmatične izkušnje na tretjo generacijo. Rezultati kažejo, da sogovornici z izkušnjo taborišča travmo razumeta kot uničeno življenje in vsega kar sta poznali, obe pa sta mnenja, da sta bili po taboriščni izkušnji travmatizirani. Ena od sogovornic pri sebi prepozna znake PTSM, medtem ko jih druga sogovornica ne zazna, nobena od njiju pa nikoli ni bila diagnosticirana z diagnozo PTSM ali diagnozo katere druge duševne bolezni. Ena od sogovornic meni, da se je njena travma prenesla prek občutka nekompetentnosti, ki ga je doživljala v odnosu do svojih otrok, medtem ko druga sogovornica ne priča o nobenih za vzgojo svojih otrok pomembnih posledicah travmatske izkušnje. Pri sogovornicah, katerih starši so preživeli taboriščno izkušnjo, nobena ne poroča, niti ne kaže simptomov PTSM, nobena od njiju tudi ni bila nikoli diagnosticirana z diagnozo kakšne druge duševne bolezni. Ena od sogovornic meni, da je bil izredno močan varovalni dejavnik pri prenosu travme njena razširjena družina, druga sogovornica pa meni, da je bil ogrožajoč dejavnik pri prenosu travme v njenem primeru zarota molka oziroma tiha komunikacija v družini po travmatskem dogodku ter čustvena neodzivnost matere na njene potrebe. Družino prepozna kot ogrožajoč dejavnik za prenos travme. Pri vseh štirih intervjuvankah se kot pomemben ogrožajoči dejavnik prenosa travme izkaže postravmatsko okolje, ki se kaže kot revščina v povojnem času, ter neodzivnost tedanje oblasti za potrebe travmatiziranih. V sklepu diplomskega dela poudarim pomembnost raziskav, izvedenih na temo prenosa travme, ter rastočo vlogo socialnega pedagoga pri raziskovanju travmatičnih izkušenj. Prav tako poudarim pomembnost vzpostavljanja tako preventivnih kot tudi kurativnih programov na področju travmatičnih dogodkov, ki travmatiziranemu nudijo take in drugačne intervencije.In my thesis I am talking about intergenerational trauma transmission, which means trauma that can transfer from one generation to another and all the factors, that can either be protective or risk factors in the mechanisms of trauma transmission. First I define the term trauma, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and intergenerational trauma. I define the factors that contribute to the experience and transmission of trauma. From the individual point of view, the traumatic experience point of view and from the social system point of view. In the empirical part, through the interviews of four individuals, two with post-war camp experience and two whose parents survived the post-war camp. I will research how the factors of the transmission of trauma are shown on the example of my interviewees. I am finding out whether or how the traumatic experience can be passed on to the second generation and how traumatic experience can impact the third generation. The findings show, that interviewees with post-war camp experience understand traumatic experience as destroyed life and everything they have known and they both think, that they were left traumatized after the post-war camp experience. One of them recognizes the symptoms of PTSD on herself and the other one doesn\u27t. As for diagnosis, none of them was ever diagnosed with PTSD or any other mental illness. One of my interviewees thinks that her trauma was passed through a sense of incompetence, that she experienced it in the relationship with her children, as for the other interviewee, she doesn’t talk about any important consequences from the traumatic experience in the raising of her children. With the interviewees, whose parents survived the post-war camp experience, none of them report, or show symptoms of PTSD. Neither were they ever diagnosed with any other mental illness. One of them believes that her extended family was a very powerful protective factor, preventing trauma transmission, while the other one thinks, that one of the factors in the trauma transmission in her case was the conspiracy of silence or the lack of communication in the family and the emotional non-responsiveness of her mother to meet her needs. She sees her family as a risk factor for trauma transmission. For all four interviewees, the post-traumatic environment represents a significant threatening factor in the transmission of trauma. It’s shown as poverty in the post-war period and the inaction of the authorities regarding the needs of the traumatized. At the end of my thesis I emphasize the increasing importance of research carried out on the subject of trauma transmission and the all growing role of social pedagogy in exploring traumatic experiences. I also emphasize the importance of both preventive and curative programs in the field of traumatic events, that offer help to traumatized individuals