The combination of tile with architecture has been used in Portugal for centuries. It achieved a unique level of artistry by the end of the 19th c. and beginning of the 20th c.. The use of new colours and modern stylizations were explored during the Art Nouveau period. The tile was used as a frame for architectural features in order to enhance the building. By then all the elements were intended to be harmoniously combined as a whole. A large span of case studies, ordered chronologically, illustrate the role and evolution of the tiles used during this period when tiles were designed by academic painters or architects. The confrontation of projects published or kept in archives with the actual buildings led to a new understanding about thi...