Comparative description of oral status in pregnant women

У статті представлені дані щодо вивчення стоматологічного статусу серед вагітних у різні роки обстеження. Підтверджено стабільність високого рівня поширеності карієсу, некаріозних уражень, запальних захворювань пародонта. Характерна зміна структури каріозних та некаріозних уражень зубів, поліпшення стану гігієни порожнини рота; В статье представлены данные по изучению стоматологического статуса среди беременных в разные годы обследования. Подтверждена стабильность высокого уровня распространенности кариеса, некариозных поражений, воспалительных заболеваний пародонта. Характерно изменение структуры кариозных и некариозных поражений зубов, улучшение состояния гигиены полости рта; The issue of keeping health in pregnancy is considered to be of great importance. During the last 50 years caries and periodontal disease have become the most common diseases afflicting the human mouth. With improving social circumstances, increased availability and affordability of modern oral health care, and the promotion of conservative treatment concepts, the 20th century demonstrated significant progress in eliminating dental pain and tooth loss. Advances in the oral health sciences and in dental technologies have not only increased our understanding of the nature of these diseases and their causes, but also have introduced and tested new approaches for their prevention. The mechanisms of the development of dental diseases in pregnant women mainly depend on the complex interactions of local common pathogenic factors and status of the reactivity of the women. This research is devoted to the study of the dental epidemiology in pregnant at different intervals of 1985 and 2003. The purpose of the study is to assess the oral status of pregnant women. Objects and methods of the study. The oral health status was assessed in 180 pregnant women for 1985 and in 104 pregnants for 2004. All the women were subjected to the oral examination to determine the prevalence and intensity of caries, periodontal diseases and to evaluate oral hygiene indices as decayed, missing and filled (DMF) index, periodontal index PMA, oral hygiene index by Green-Vermilion. Results. The average age of pregnant women increased from 22.5 years to 26.2. Prevalence of dental caries has not changed. In 1985 the caries prevalence made up 97±0,8%, in 2004 this constituted 95,5±0, 92%. An average value of the DMF index showed a slight decrease. An average number of decayed teeth have decreased by 15%, the number of absent teeth has reduced by 35% in 2004, while filled cavities and extracted teeth have grown. Number of non-carious lesions increased in 4 times. Prevalence of periodontal disease in pregnant women has increased by 16% in 2004. Catarrhal and hypertrophic gingivitis were prevailed. Different forms of severity have been described. During the first months of the pregnancy, the persistent influence of the plaque induces catarrhal inflammation of the gingiva that serves as a base for the development of hyperplastic gingivitis during the last months. Both superficial and deep pathological pockets were found in 2.5 times less on 2004. The mean oral hygiene index score increased. Oral health in pregnant women has improved. The mean index values of oral hygiene showed a decrease, which is attributed to continuous dental care and treatment during last 23 years. There is a satisfactory standard of hygiene, and in 1985 was unsatisfactory. A program of oral health care should be included in prenatal care for early pregnancy. Dental and obstetric teams can be influential in helping women initiate and maintain oral health care during pregnancy to improve lifelong oral hygiene habits and dietary behavior for women and their families. Conclusions: We submitted data on studying of the oral status in pregnant women in different years of inspection. Stable high level of caries prevalence, non-carious disseases, inflammatory diseases of parodontium have been detected and compared. The changes in the structure of carious and non-carious diseases have been achieved by improving oral hygiene habits