Essais sur l'économie de l'éducation

Essais sur l'économie de l'éducation.As stated by the World Bank “education is a powerful driver of development and of the strongest instruments for reducing poverty and improving health, gender equality, peace and stability”. Moreover, yearly years of education are crucial for developing attitudes, values and skills which are permanent for entire life. However, education analyses are generally reduced to the academic learning while other aspects related to fair social system insuring equal access to education is neglected by policy makers in developing countries. Access to learning, success at secondary school and opportunity of higher education is socially and spatially conditioned. Despite the increase of the school enrolment, there remain a large number of students who fail to meet minimum standards of literacy and there are left behind. These students are generally coming from economically deprived backgrounds and their exclusion from school has several consequences for social cohesion, economic growth and for regional development. Equal access to education should be guaranteed by giving importance to the socioeconomic environment such as parents’ educational attainment which presents an important predictor of children education. As stated by the OECD (2013), “If your parents didn’t go to university, it is unlikely you will”. Indeed, parents are first educators of children and their educational attainments reflect the level of quality care provided for them. Government investment in primary education is crucial for learning continuity even though the quality of secondary education is of big interest especially for girls because they represent future mothers. This may represent an important reason to promote educational attainment for actual and future generations. Another type of educational determinants is the school quality. Participatory pedagogy, updated skills of teachers, procurement of adequate instructional material, etc., are important factors that can improve primary educational efficiency and reduce school dropout