Policies to rehabilate non-regulatory areas in Marocco and mobilizing people : case studies in the area of Rabat (Rabat-Témara-Skhirat).

Sur la base d'enquêtes de terrain menées entre 2003 et 2007, cette thèse interroge les rapports entre le pouvoir local et les habitants « ordinaires » de quartiers non réglementaires – dont la plupart sont des bidonvilles – situés à Rabat et dans sa périphérie méridionale (Témara et Skhirat). Au-delà de leur diversité (de localisation, de genèse, morphologique, de taille, économique et sociale, etc.), les quartiers que nous avons choisis ont tous été l'objet, anciennement ou plus récemment, de politiques publiques visant à leur restructuration ou à leur réhabilitation ; et toutes envisagent, d'une manière ou d'une autre, un déménagement et un relogement de leurs habitants. C'est donc à l'analyse des réactions de ces populations envers ces politiques que notre thèse est consacrée, étant entendu que, au-delà des réactions individuelles, on observe rapidement l'émergence de réactions collectives. Celles-ci sont susceptibles de favoriser soit l'activation de formes ou structures d'organisations préexistantes (j'maâ), soit l'émergence de formes organisationnelles nouvelles, telles que les associations de quartiers.Based on filed surveys conducted between 2003 and 2007, this thesis examines the relationship between local government and “ordinary” residents in non-regulatory areas – most of which are slums – located in Rabat and its southern periphery (Témara and Skhirat). Beyond their diversity (location, genes, morphology, size, economic, social, etc.) the areas we chose have all been the previous or recent object of public policy in terms of their restructuring or rehabilitation and are all considering, in one way or another, moving and relocating their inhabitants. The purpose of this thesis is therefore devoted to analyzing the reactions of these populations to these policies, understanding that beyond the individual relations, we observe the rapid emergence of a collective response. There are likely to favor either the activation of shapes or structures of existing organizations (j’maâ) or the emergence of new organizational forms, such as neighborhood associations. The posture of our research is to consider that the residents of these neighborhoods, usually stigmatized or considered minor by both government officials and administrative officials acting locally or by the “ethnic” citizens, are not passive agents of the decisions being made concerning their habitat and their lif0estyle, but they are quite able to express their varied “skills” including their ability to mobilize, to take industrial action and to negotiate with authorities