The objective of this thesis is to characterize the genesis, growth and stabilization of cheniers in a macrotidal setting. These transgressive beach ridges, anchored in a silty to muddy prograding sequence, are the result of a balance between fine sediment inputs from fluvial or tidal dynamics, and reworking of coarse sediment by waves. Through the example of the bay of Mont-Saint-Michel, the problem is tackled through an integrated and multi-disciplinary approach, from hydrodynamic processes (scale of a few seconds) to the evolution of a coastline and the construction of a sedimentary body (several decades). Laboratory studies (sedimentation velocity, threshold of motion) and wave flume modelling have highlighted the importance of the flat...