It comes to show how the water became little by little a commodity and what were the stages of this transformation.In France, the State took a decisive part in this process; This is why we study the report which it maintains with surface waters for 130 years (1789-1920) through the defatting, irrigation, defence against floods and navigation; We look at what are the influences of the economic system, political and cultural ideas that shape this developmentIl s'agit de montrer comment l'eau est devenue peu à peu une marchandise et quelles ont été les grandes étapes de cette transformation.En France, l'Etat a pris une part décisive dans ce processus; c'est pourquoi nous étudions le rapport que celui-ci entretient avec les eaux de surface pend...