Study and calibration of a hydrophone mounted on a drifting float - seismological application

Dans ce travail, nous proposons une étude générale des hydrophones, leur fonctionnement suivant le principe de la piézoélectricité, les éléments les constituant ainsi que les brevets et les hydrophones existants. Nous modélisons les courbes de sensibilité à la réception et à l'émission avec le logiciel COMSOL que nous comparons avec des hydrophones en notre possession. Avec ces modèles, nous proposons le design d'un hydrophone potentiel, large bande, viable à de grandes immersions (>6000 m). Nous testons deux nouvelles méthodes de calibration d'hydrophone à basses fréquences ( 6000 m). We test new methods of hydrophone calibration at low frequencies (< 2 Hz) and apply them to the MERMAID floats hydrophone. In the «dynamic» method, the hydrophone response is studied with a brief pressure variation (1000 Pa with tτ < 1 s), performed by a winch, which vertically moves the hydrophone into water. The «static» method allows us to study the full system response. The hydrophone is placed in a calibration chamber in which a pressure variation is performed with an additional water column. We have determined poles and zeros applicable to the MERMAID. The correction of seismograms recorded by three MERMAID floats, deployed in the Mediterranean Sea, allows us to estimate the pressure variation produced by the Barcelonnette earthquake which is around 400 Pa (April 7, 2014, , Mw = 4,8). We validate the data acquired by the MERMAID in a seismological study. We study data of six months of acquisition of the three floats deployed in the Ligurian Basin, develop a preprocessing method of these data and validate with a tomographic study