A Study of Personal Factors Affecting Occupational Prestige

本研究之主要目的在探討影響職業聲望之個人特質因素。以30～59歲已婚且育有子女就業者為對象，使用對數線性模型、Logit模型等方法檢驗受訪者之性別(S)、年齡(A)、教育程度(E)是否影響其職業聲望(O)之高低。經由分析結果，本研究得到以下結論：(一)性別、年齡、教育程度、職業聲望四變項之間關係的最適當模型為Model As, EA, OS, OE；在入值和2值檢定下，證明男性受訪者之年齡顯著高於女性、低年齡者教育程度高、男性之職業聲望高、教育程度高者職業聲望高。(二)性別、年齡、和教育程度與低中、中高、低高職業聲望間之最適當Logit模型分別為Model EAS, OS, OD；Model EAS, OAS, OEA；及Model EAS, OE。對低、中職業聲望的人而言，性別、教育程度個別影響其職業聲望。對中、高職業聲望的人而言，性別及年齡、年齡及教育程度之交互作用影響職業聲望。對低、高職業聲望的人而言，僅有教育程度為影響因素。由研究發現知，性別固然與職業聲望頗有關係，但並不如教育程度那般具有影響力；至於年齡，僅在與性別、教育程度產生交互作用時才對職業聲望有較明顯的影響。性別、年齡為歸屬特質，教育程度為成就特質；換言之，後者可經由個人努力的改變而提高。個人若致力於追求更高之教育程度，即使性別、年齡上較居弱勢，也大有可能從事高職業聲望之職業。是以個人不必再囿於性別、年齡而躊躇不前；畢竟，在愈趨開放的民主社會裡，因性別、年齡而遭另眼看待的可能性已然降低。This paper discusses personal factors such as sex, age, education and their relationship to occupation. Since the prestige of occupation is judged by the general population with a high degree of consensus and the relative prestige ranking of occupation is seem to be quite consistent in most highly differentiated societies, the sociologists consider occupations or occupational prestige as an index of class. In order to elaborate the thesis, data from a previous research, “A Study of Factors Affecting the Selection of an Occupation and its Achievement” is analysed. The focus is on the association of sex(S), age(A), education(E) with occupational prestige(O). A sample of 603 married and working persons, aged 30-59 was studied and we concluded that: 1. Model AS, EA, OS, OE is the best log-linear model to account for the relationship among the sex, age, education and occupation variables. 2. Model EAS, OS, OE. Model EAS, OAS, OEA. And Model EAS, OE. Are the three best logit models. Form the studies shown, there is a significant relation between sex, educational level and occupational prestige, but the weight of education and sex is different. Educational level is more important than sex. Age may play a role in occupational prestige when interaction of sex and educational level is considered. Age and sex are ascribed traits while education is an achieved trait. If one tries to get higher educational level, he would select the occupation of higher occupational prestige in spite of age and sex factors. In a highly democratic society, the possibility of differential treatment simply related to age and sex is reduced gradually