Dependent Nationalism: The People and Territory in the Chinese Inward Defense

人民代表大會通過的國防法，會在外界引起爭議，多半是不符合一般國家體制的規範，明文界定國家軍隊對自己人民進行軍事行動的法源，但深明近代中國歷史發展的人都應了解，這種向內的國防，正是中國人在文化、宗教方面西化未完全，但卻接受了西方國家的體制，因此而生出的焦慮與沮喪所促成的特殊風格。更何況，西洋國家體制下並非真是槍口一致對外，而是彼等對內的國防具有較大的隱藏性而已。西洋國家體制之內的顛覆因子，是國家建立之後進行殖民主義才引進的，因比較容易區隔，其中沒有出現母國人民的自恨，只有不同種族與階級之間的對立。中國與其它後殖民國家在建國之前，就經經與帝國主義無所不在的文化工程相接觸，故並不存在絕對本土的領導菁英，則無論反封邁或反揥，難免都是在針對自己內在的若干部分進行反抗。 既然是針對自己，就不可能完全受制於領土疆域，而這偏偏又被當代國家體制視為是不理性的行為，而以為中國人的國防對內行使鎮壓，對外溢出疆域，其目的又不像美國那樣，以以維護某個其它家的疆域，受其邀請而前往干預的，於是就容易變成其他國家，尤其是美，看成是未來改變國際版圖現伏的主要威脅來洲。而這種美人對中國人想當然耳的定位，在中國人那種依賴性民族主義的角度解讀之下，當然就構成令人不安的反華行徑，則國防體系中的人，一來被迫檢視內部是否有人受蠱惑，二來急於尋求帝國鋹義同路人為對象，並打擊之以展現民族振興，從而更被西方看成為一個錍脅的主要來源。如此惡性循環形成，厥為國防。The National Defense Act passed by the National People's congress of March 1997 may well cause controversy due to its incompatibility with norms of Western sovereign states. Indeed Chinese national defense is inward defense to the extent that it aims to prevent a harmonious social being from splitting. From a postcolonial perspective, I believe that the hybrid influences in the Chinese public consciousness have cause enormous anxiety among Chinese leaders. Since the enemy resides within, it is impossible to speak strictly of territorially oriented national defense. It is impossible to speak strictly of territorially oriented national defense. Inward defense is nevertheless considered so undemocratic that it defeats the purpose of having sovereignty to protect citizens from external threat. However, inward defense exists in all states albeit indirect in Western states. The nature of inward defense enables the Chinese military to ironically lose or relinquish territory with a feeling of superiority, or display a compulsive attachment to a piece of land regardless of the sacrifices required. All this performance, in the end, enacts a position of moral incorruptibility with a spirit reaching far and beyond secular territory, therefore reproducing a difference that distinguishes the Chinese from the imperialist Other