Study of Corporate Social Responsibility - From the Viewpoints of Green Supply Chain Management

由於跨國企業、國際資本的機動性，再輔以資訊的流動及網際網路的興起等全球化的影響，跨國企業已逐漸發展成為一個龐大的政經實體。跨國企業爭相將供應鏈遷往人力及環境成本較低的開發中國家，建立成本較低的國際供應鏈並競逐廣大的開發中國家成長市場。全球供應鏈的延長增加了供應商的階層與數量，也增加了供應鏈的複雜性。供應鏈委外作業並非意味責任和風險可以委外，在國際間環境保護與永續發展的意識逐漸提高之際，來自政府、消費者與利害相關者的壓力，也使得企業不得不積極面對自身與供應鏈的企業社會責任。 綠色供應鏈管理（Green Supply Chain Management, GSCM）為企業降低環境風險、提昇利潤及提升市場占有率的重要策略。然而，在綠色供應鏈管理的相關研究中，卻極少針對行業別的共同標準進行綠色供應鏈管理的相關研究。近年來，許多大型電子企業在其供應鏈管理中導入電子行業行為準則（Electronic Industry Code of Conduct, EICC）的管理，以符合全球電子業一致性的規範。本論文選定EICC 供應商自我評估風險工具與ㄧ台灣跨國電腦供應鏈進行實證研究。分別使用「單因子變異數」與「決策實驗室評估法」分析供應商自我評估的結果，並依照本研究假設與各項環境考量面間的關聯性，加以分析並討論。本論文的目的在於檢視目前電腦產業供應商環境績效的影響因素，以及各項環境考量面的因果關係，在進行評估與資料分析的同時，建立後續綠色供應鏈管理模式建議，以有效分配管理資源，兼顧企業社會與環境責任與成本效率。Greater global capital mobility and information flow has led multinational enterprises in all industries to move supply chains offshore to developing countries with lower labor and environmental costs. Such outsourcing has allowed these enterprises to establish a low-cost global supply chain and compete for growth in major developing market. In the Electronics industry, the trend to outsource manufacturing sub-assemblies has increased the number as well as the complexity of supplier network. Due to outsourcing initiatives, organizations have become more dependent on suppliers performance. Environmental performance has to be considered when selecting a well-rounded supplier to enhance supply chain performance. Electronics companies throughout Asia recognize the benefits of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) for gaining competitive advantage. A large majority of electronics companies in Taiwan have recently adopted the Electronic Industry Citizenship Coalition (EICC) Code of Conduct for defining and managing their social and environmental responsibilities throughout their supply chains. The aim of this study is to examine the cause and effect relationship of the environmental aspects in the computer supply chain to manage the environmental performance efficiently. We surveyed the suppliers to the Taiwanese computer industry to determine their environmental performance using the EICC risk management tool, performed by Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL). We test the results to determine whether differences in product type, geographic area, and supplier size correlate with different levels of environmental performance. The results suggest that characteristic classification of suppliers could be employed to enhance the efficiency of GSCM