Mongolia-China-Russia Relations and Mongolian Views of China (1911-1945)

台灣學者的主要著作認為外蒙古受俄國煽動而獨立，進而導致從滿清分割出去，蒙古的獨立運動領袖在中國學者眼中為背叛國家的人物。在相對的脈絡發展下，蒙古人如何看中國呢？蒙古人沒有獨立的理想嗎？一切都被俄國人強迫的嗎？蒙古如何追求獨立？蒙古獨立後，蒙古與中華民國的關係如何發展？此架構下有許多問題需要進一步探討和研究。 本研究的主要目的將回答以上提出的問題。比較蒙古學者和中華民國學者的研究著作，研究兩國學者對蒙古獨立史的不同觀點，並論述蒙中學者的著作特色，同時試圖證明蒙古獨立時候，蒙中關係複雜、不清楚且矛盾的問題。 本研究目的除了參考蒙中文獻之外，也會參考俄國文獻。將試圖充分整理蒙古獨立的各種文獻，並以蒙古人的立場研究這些問題可能的視角。最重要的，是將蒙古文獻中記載的蒙古追求獨立的過程加以整理，這部分文獻不僅直接說明蒙古獨立不是帝國主義所煽動，也間接說明蒙古與中國的相互認識之所以如此不同，與他們各自所能接觸與閱讀的史料是否周全，息息相關。Most of the literature on Mongolian independence by Taiwan scholars suggests that incitement by Russia caused Outer Mongolia’s separation from Qing Dynasty and describes the leaders of the Mongolian independence movement as traitors. But how did Mongolians view their relationship with China? Did they have an ideal of independence? Did Russia completely orchestrate the movement? How did Mongolians pursue independence and how did Mongolia’s relationship with the Republic of China (ROC) develop post-independence? Investigating these questions is the primary purpose of this research. This study compares the relevant literature by Mongolian and ROC scholars, examining their diverging perspectives of the history of Mongolia’s independence and exploring the key characteristics of the literature on both sides. The study also attempts to show that at the time Mongolia became independent, the relationship between Mongolia and the ROC was complex, unclear and contradictory. In addition to Mongolian and Chinese (ROC) sources, this study draws on the relevant Russian literature. Written from the vantage point of a Mongolian, it explores various perspectives on Mongolia’s independence. Most importantly, it brings to light the viewpoints of Mongolians regarding their pursuit of independence and shows clearly that Mongolian independence was not the result of incitement by imperialist powers. The study also illustrates that the divergence of views between Mongolian and ROC scholars can be attributed in large part to limitations in their access and attention to historical documents