Cognition- and Affect -Based Trust of the Chinese Parent-Adolescent Dyad: Distinctions and Functions

既有文獻對親子信任是否為多向度的構念一直存有爭議，並常將親子信任視為親子關係品質的指標之一，較少探討親子信任在親子互動中扮演的功能。本研究企圖以兩個研究來區隔出親子認知與情感兩種信任，並進一步探究兩者對親子互動功能的差異。本研究主張應該針對因不同事件（如學業、交友、生活習慣等事件）發生意見不合的情境脈絡下討論信任，才可於親子互動脈絡中清楚地區隔出兩種信任類型。認知信任主要來自對父母能力的評價，而情感信任主要來自於過去與父母互動經驗所累積的情誼。研究一主要探討在何種情境下能區分親子認知與情感兩種信任；研究二則探討在區分出認知與情感信任的親子衝突情境下，青少年對父母親的認知與情感信任二者與對衝突的反思傾向及同理父母間的效果差異。研究一結果顯示：不論對象是父親或母親，在不同衝突事件下所發展的信任量表皆可清楚地獲得二因素結構，其內部一致性信度也皆良好；其中，認知信任強度會依情境與信任對象不同而有所不同，情感信任的強度則具跨情境的一致性，但會依信任對象不同強度有所差異。研究二以結構方程模型進行分析，結果顯示：青少年的認知信任與情感信任對同理父母與反思傾向皆具有正向的影響的效果，而且會受到互動對象與互動情境差異的影響。Trust is a vital component of the relationship between parents and adolescents. In this research, researcher defined trust as two-dimensional concept. Cognition-based trust is composed of the competences of the interactive person. Affect-based trust is mainly composed of the past interactive experiences of the person. In the Chinese culture, the affections of children to parents usually influenced by parents’ capabilities. Therefore, two kinds of trust could not be separated clearly. This thesis proposes that adding situations’ cues can help people distinguish between cognition- and affect- based trust. Situations provide the cues for distinguishing cognition- and affect- based trust, like parents’ specific ability or familiarity of certain issue. In this research, there were two studies to test the hypotheses. Study 1 focused on distinguishing between cognition- and affect- based trust in parent-adolescent conflicts involving different issues. Study 2 explored the different functions of cognition- and affect- based trust on empathy to parents and reflective thinking about the conflict events. The results of factor analysis in Study1 showed the constructed questionnaire of parent-adolescent trust had two-factor structure in different conflict events on which parent and adolescent interact with each other. The strength of cognition-based trust depended on the events and parent whom adolescent trusts. The strength of affect-based trust was different between mother-adolescent and father-adolescent relationship, and was stable across events. The result of SEM in Study 2 showed that cognition- and affect- based trust, adolescent to parents, had positive relationships with empathy to parents and reflective thinking about the conflict events. The strength of relationships was different, which depended on the different conflict events and the interactive objects