60GHz Outphasing Transmitter for Wireless Communication

有別於以往改善功率放大器的轉換效率而使用的相移技術，本論文中設計模擬與以65奈米互補式金氧半製程實作60GHz發射機，使用改良型相移技術來增加其轉換效率，並且在提升轉換效率的同時，又保有相當佳的線性度。 此晶片大小為1.02 與在直流供電1.2V下，294 mW的靜態直流功率消耗，並有16.7-dBm的最大輸出功率與16% 的轉換效率。在基頻的四種調變比較下，三個切換直流偏壓的模態在2.5-Gb/s 16-QAM(正交振幅調變)訊號的資料傳輸速度下可達到22.4 dB的誤差向量幅度，並且有12.1-dBm 的平均輸出功率與142 mW 的直流功率消耗，因此可達成11.4% 的平均轉換效率。This thesis presents the analysis, design, and implementation of a 60-GHz outphasing transmitter with different modulations such as conventional outphasing, multilevel outphasing and asymmetric multilevel outphasing in 65-nm bulk CMOS. The transmitter is optimized for high output power and peak power-added efficiency (PAE) while maintaining sufficient linearity. The chip occupies an area of 1.02 and consumes 294 mW from a 1.2-V supply voltage, delivering 16.7-dBm linear output power with 16% PAE (PA). Comparison among four different modes demonstrate that it achieves a 2.5-Gb/s 16QAM three-level modulation with 12.1-dBm average output power, 142 mW DC consumption and 11.4% average efficiency (TX) at an EVM of 22.4 dB.口試委員會審定書 # 誌謝 i 中文摘要 ii ABSTRACT iii CONTENTS iv LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF TABLES viii Chapter 1 Introduction 1 1.1 Motivation 1 1.2 Thesis Organization 3 Chapter 2 Linearization and Efficiency-Enhancing Techniques of Power Amplifiers 4 2.1 Problems to Conquer in Power Amplifier 4 2.2 Efficiency-Enhancing Techniques of Power Amplifier 5 2.2.1 Doherty amplifier 5 2.2.2 Envelope Elimination and Restoration 6 2.2.3 Bias Adaption 7 2.3 Linearization Techniques of Power Amplifier 8 2.3.1 Predistortion 8 2.3.2 Feedforward 9 2.3.3 Feedback 10 2.3.4 LINC 12 Chapter 3 The Principle of Outphasing Transmitter 14 3.1 Conventional Outphasing 14 3.2 Issues in Multilevel Outphasing System 15 3.2.1 Path Imbalance’s Effects on Linearity 15 3.2.2 Power Combiner Choices 19 Chapter 4 The Implementation and Measurement of Outphasing Transmitter 26 4.1 Multilevel and Asymmetric Multilevel Outphasing 26 4.2 Architecture and Building Blocks 31 4.3 Measurement Results 37 4.3.1 CW Measurements 37 4.3.2 Modulated Signal Measurements 39 4.3.3 Comparison 44 Chapter 5 Conclusion 45 BIBLIOGRAPHY 4