Understanding the Differences of Research and Development Between Korea and Taiwan

本研究調查韓國與臺灣的研究與發展的差異，資料來自於經濟合作暨發展組織（OECD）、Worldscope的產業資料、臺灣經濟期刊與一份調查個人對韓國與臺灣的產業發展看法。結果顯示兩個國家有許多的共通處，主要的差異來自於兩國頂尖企業投入研究與發展的數量。我們發現在韓國主要在研究與發展的銷售總額是來自於五大公司，然而臺灣則是來自於前二十大的公司。此外，跟臺灣比較，韓國在研究與發展所投入的資金使用在電子產業更為有效率。We investigate the difference between Korean research and development and Taiwan’s research and development. We examine data from the OECD, industry data from Worldscope and the Taiwan Economic Journal, and even include a survey to better understand individual perceptions of Korea and Taiwan. We find that research and development in both countries have a lot of similarities, but the key difference resides in the amount of research and development done by the top companies in each nation. We find that the majority of research and development in Korea is conducted by the top 5 firms in total sales whereas Taiwan’s research and development is more distributed between the top 20 firms in total sales. In addition, we find that Korea’s usage of funds for research and development is more efficient in the electronics industry than Taiwan’s.TABLE OF CONTENTS 中文摘要 i Abstract ii 誌謝 iii Table of Contents iv List of Tables v I. Introduction 1 II. Data 11 2.1 Sample selection 11 III. Empirical Findings 12 3.1 Research and development at the national level, GDP and population 12 3.2 Researchers and population distribution 12 3.3 Researcher distribution 13 3.4 The funds and expenses in both countries with regards to R&D 14 3.5 A look at the industry Data 15 3.6 R&D outcome 18 IV. Conclusion 21 Reference 23 LIST OF TABLES Questionnaire 24 Table 1 People that responded to the survey who believe either Taiwan or Korea is more developed. 25 Table 2 Areas in which people feel that Korea is more developed than Taiwan. 25 Table 3 The Global Competitive Index (GCI) for Taiwan and Korea. 26 Table 4 Population, GDP, GDP per capita 27 Table 5 Amount of total full-time equivalent personnel on R&D divided by population for each country 28 Table 6 Amount of total headcount in each respective country and total head count divided by population of both nations 28 Table 7 Amount of total researches in each respective country and the total researchers divided by the population 29 Table 8 Korean and Taiwanese Researcher Distribution 30 Table 9 GERD as a percentage of GDP 31 Table 10 R&D expenditure per researcher in current international dollars, in the business enterprise sector. 32 Table 11 Korean and Taiwan source of R&D funds 33 Table 12 Industry data provided by World Scope and Taiwan Economic Journal for year 2012 34 Table 13 Industry data provided by the EU Industrial R&D Scoreboard for year 2012 35 Table 14 Consumer Electronics industry average throughout the year, R&D/Sales 36 Table 15 Consumer Electronics industry average throughout the year, R&D/Total Assets 37 Table 16 Total company spending on R&D in Euros throughout the years. 38 Table 17 The number of patents filed and issued per year for both nations to the United States 39 Table 18 Total amount of patents divided by researchers (Not including technicians) 3