A Mobile Data Integration System for International Disease Surveillance

本研究提出了一個以行動裝置為基礎的系統架構，可用來整合國際疾病資訊 以及加速疾病訊息交換的溝通。在近幾年來，智慧型手機已迅速地成長，而它也變 成了一個主要的資訊分享管道。對旅行者而言，在旅行中缺乏對防疫相關的知識有 可能導致性命的危害，甚至可能造成國際疾病流行。對於公共衛生的研究者而言， 使用非正式的疾病相關訊息也可以幫助監測疾病的發生和爆發。然而，目前還尚未 有一個可以提供旅行者目的地疾病相關訊息，同時又提供研究者分享非正式疾病 資訊的行動裝置系統。 我們的研究設計了一套資訊整合的系統。它包含了兩個部分，第一部分是一個 以行動裝置為基礎，用來呈現全球疾病資料和訊息的疾病資訊整合平台，另一個部 分是以網路服務為基礎的訊息交換系統。同時，我們也提供了一套正規並改編自 公共健康資訊網路的資料架構來幫助研究者和參與者可以更容易地使用正規格式 存取並交換疾病資訊。 在此研究中，我們設計了一個簡易且快速的疾病訊息交換系統，結合階層式訊 息傳遞機制以及排程方法來建立一套穩定且準確的資料交換系統。因此，我們也建 立了一個行動裝置應用程式來協助旅行者獲取疾病整合資料，提供不同需求的使 用者都可以利用此系統來更便利地交換訊息，進而提供更即時地監控疾病服務，並 且促進旅行者個人化的健康照護資訊。In the study, a scheme for mobile-based system is built to integrate international disease information and to accelerate the communication time for exchanging disease messages. In recent years, mobile devices have grown rapidly and they have become the major way for information sharing. For travelers, lack of disease prevention knowledge can be life threatening or can lead to a pandemic outbreak. For public health researchers, the informal disease-related data can be useful to help detect disease outbreak. However, there are no mobile applications that provide a platform for travelers to get the disease information needed for a trip and a format for researchers to share informal disease information at the same time. Our study has designed a disease information integration system, which composed of two components, a mobile-based disease information integration platform for demonstrating global disease data and messages, and a web-service based system for exchanging informal data. We also provide a formal schema with PHIN (Public Health Information Network) to help researchers or participants to easily assess the disease information and share their data in formal format. In this study, we designed an easy and fast way to exchange disease information and combine with the advantages of web service model, such as Cascading Alerting System and Scheduling, to create a stable and accurate data exchange system. In addition, we also created an intuitive mobile application for travelers to get integrated disease information and messages. With these designs, different types of users can exchange disease information more easily in mobile devices and can also use these data to help monitor disease information around the world and to promote travelers’ health.誌謝 .................................................................................................................................. ii 中文摘要 ......................................................................................................................... iii ABSTRACT .................................................................................................................... iv CONTENTS .................................................................................................................... vi LIST OF FIGURES ......................................................................................................... ix LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................... xi Chapter 1 Introduction .............................................................................................. 1 1.1 International Diseases and Travel Medicine ................................................... 1 1.2 Mobile Devices and Data Processing ............................................................. 2 1.3 Digital Disease Detection ............................................................................... 3 1.4 Participatory Disease Surveillance ................................................................. 4 1.5 Aim of this Study ............................................................................................ 4 Chapter 2 Related Work ............................................................................................ 6 2.1 Digital Disease Detection (DDD) ................................................................... 6 2.2 Participatory Disease Surveillance ................................................................. 7 2.3 Disease Data Exchange System ...................................................................... 8 Chapter 3 System Design ......................................................................................... 10 3.1 Disease Data Integration and Sharing (DDIS) System ................................. 12 vii 3.1.1 System Overview ................................................................................ 12 3.1.2 Data Collection and Normalization ..................................................... 14 3.1.3 International Disease Information ....................................................... 15 3.1.4 Travel Decision Support Helper .......................................................... 16 3.1.5 Disease Prevention Information .......................................................... 19 3.1.6 Vaccine Suggestion and Planning ....................................................... 21 3.1.7 During Travel Helper .......................................................................... 22 3.1.8 Disease Message Sharing and Rating ................................................. 23 3.2 Disease Messages Exchange (DME) System ............................................... 25 3.2.1 Direct Alerting System ........................................................................ 26 3.2.2 Cascade Alerting System ..................................................................... 27 3.2.3 Scheduling ........................................................................................... 28 3.2.4 Web Service Data Structure ................................................................ 29 Chapter 4 Result ....................................................................................................... 33 4.1 For Travelers and Users ................................................................................ 33 4.2 For Participants ............................................................................................. 35 4.3 For Researchers ............................................................................................ 36 Chapter 5 Discussion................................................................................................ 41 5.1 International Disease Surveillance and Data Integration System ................. 41 viii 5.2 Benefits of Participatory Disease Surveillance and Digital Disease Detection ....................................................................................................... 41 5.3 Limitation ..................................................................................................... 42 Chapter 6 Conclusion and Future Work................................................................ 44 REFERENCE .................................................................................................................. 4