The relationship between surface pollen and vegetation types in Yangmingshan National Park

植物的花粉和孢子可於沉積物中長期保存，因而成為推測古代植被環境乃至氣候環境的重要化石證據。但在研究化石花粉之前，須先研究土壤表層中的花粉與現生植被之關係，以便合理解釋化石花粉與古代植被環境之間的關聯。 本研究利用集群分析法處理陽明山國家公園內50個地點的表土花粉樣本，由組成的花粉種類區分不同的植被類型，並比較相同地點的花粉種類和植被種類之異同。經過分析，發現50個樣本可以清楚區分為草原型植被和森林型植被兩大類群。草原型植被以禾本科植物為主，森林型植被則有人造之柳杉林與較天然的植被。未能明確歸入上述植被類型者，多為草原與森林交界處之過渡地帶。此結果與前人利用植被調查資料進行之植被分類結果大致吻合，表示雖然園區內植被呈鑲嵌式分布，但表土花粉大致上仍能反映出所對應的植被類型。我們亦將花粉資料與地理因子資料進行降趨對應分析(Detrended correspondence analysis, DCA)，結果顯示，在海拔高度、坡度、坡向這些地理因子中，海拔高度是影響花粉分布差異的最重要因子。 Pollen and spores can be important fossil evidence of ancient vegetation and paleoclimate, because these tiny grains can be preserved in sediments for a very long time. To understand the relationship between fossil pollen and ancient vegetation, we have to study their modern analog, the pollen in surface soil and the modern vegetation. Fifty surface pollen samples from Yangmingshan National Park are analyzed using the cluster analysis method in this study. They are grouped into different vegetation types according to their components of the pollen sum. The differences between pollen taxa and vegetation taxa are also discussed. The fifty samples can be grouped into two categories, grassland and forest. The grassland is dominant by Poaceae. The forest includes Cryptomeria plantation and some natural vegetation. Other samples not belong to grassland or forest are collected from the transition zone. The present results agree with the reported vegetation classifications which were obtained by vegetation investigation. This indicates that although the vegetation types in the park have a mosaic pattern, the surface pollen can still reflect the vegetation types. The pollen data and some geographic factors are also analyzed by the method of detrended correspondence analysis (DCA). The results reveal that among altitude, aspect and slope, the altitude is the most important factor affecting pollen distribution.摘要 (ii) Abstract (iii) 壹、緒論 (1) 一、相關研究概況 (2) 二、本研究緣起 (3) 貳、材料與方法 (6) 一、前置作業 (6) 二、採樣方法 (6) 三、樣本處理與分析 (6) (一) 樣本處理 (6) (二) 孢粉鑑定與計數 (7) (三) 採樣點地理資訊 (8) (四) 資料統計分析法 (8) 參、結果 (10) 一、花粉圖譜與集群分析結果 (10) 二、多變量分析結果 (14) 三、距離與花粉量之關係──以琉球松為例 (16) 四、表土花粉組成與植被組成之比較 (17) 肆、討論 (21) 一、花粉圖譜、重要花粉類群與集群分析結果 (21) 二、三種集群分析法之優劣 (28) 三、地理環境因子對花粉組成的影響 (30) 四、採樣尺度對資料的影響 (31) 伍、結論 (33) 參考文獻 (58) 附錄A、各表土樣本花粉類群比例資料 (65) 附錄B、選取17個表土花粉樣本與對應的18個植被調查樣區(陳等，2010)之類群對照 (73) 附錄C、表土花粉光學顯微照片 (92