Optimal Damper Placement for Multi-story Building Structures

本論文提出一種簡易且有效的方法，用來安放黏性阻尼器於多層房屋結構上。此法先將阻尼器均勻放置於空構架上作為初始配置，並以層間變位角做為性能指標，再進行地震歷時分析以求取層間變位角。然後，將層間變位角較小樓層上的阻尼器，移至層間變位角較大樓層上。繼續前述步驟，直至滿足停止準則為止。本文推薦三種移動策略，且以實例說明之，並進行不同移動策略與參數的比較研究，以驗證此法的可行性。 首先，選擇一種阻尼器移動策略，以不同樓層數的平面剪力屋為結構模型，利用不同地震紀錄，進行線性黏性阻尼器最佳化配置，結果與SSSA(Simplified Sequential Search Algorithm)法所得結果比較，以驗證簡易法的有效性及效益。接著，將此法推廣應用於三維不對稱多層房屋結構上，為求簡化採用一次移動一個阻尼器進行重排，即將裝有阻尼器且其層間變位角最小處的阻尼器移至最大層間變位角處，並以不同樓層及平面配置之房屋結構模型，進行線性黏性阻尼器的最佳化配置，同樣所得結果與SSSA法所得者相比較，其最大層間變位角相當，但所需執行的動力分析次數遠小於SSSA法，甚至不到五分之一亦然。最後，進行非線性黏性阻尼器最佳化配置，同樣證明此法亦可用於非線性者。This dissertation proposes a simple and effective method for allocating viscous dampers to search for the optimal damper placement of the multi-story building structures. First, allocate dampers uniformly to the bare structure model as the initial damper placement. As the inter-story drift ratio is considered to be the performance index, the time-history seismic analysis is then performed. Next, check the inter-story drift ratio for the locations where dampers were added and move the dampers in the location with the lower inter-story drift ratio to the location with the higher inter-story drift ratio. Finally, repeat this process until the prescribed stop criterion is met. Three strategies for relocating dampers have been proposed and demonstrated with examples. The parametric study with different strategies has also been conducted to validate the feasibility of the proposed approach. One strategy with linear viscous dampers, different story planar shear building structure models and earthquake records is chosen to perform the optimal damper placement in advance. Results are compared with those obtained using the simplified sequential search algorithm (SSSA) for benchmarking the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach. Then, the proposed approach is applied to the three-dimensional unsymmetrical multi-story building structures and the strategy of moving one damper per step is chosen for the reason of simplification. One damper in the location with the lowest inter-story drift ratio is moved to the location with the highest inter-story drift ratio. Some building structure models with different stories and plan layouts have been investigated to place the linear viscous damper optimally. In the same way, results are compared with those obtained using the SSSA. It is found that the proposed approach requires much fewer analyses than the SSSA, even less than one-fifth of the SSSA, while their accuracy is comparable. Finally, the optimal placement for non-linear viscous damper is performed and the proposed approach is also verified.口試委員會審定書…………..……………………………………………….… i 誌 謝 ii 摘 要 iii Abstract iv 第一章 前言 1 1.1 研究動機與目的 1 1.2 研究方法 2 1.3 研究內容 3 第二章 阻尼器最佳配置法與文獻回顧 5 2.1 房屋結構加裝黏性阻尼器之最佳化理論 5 2.2 文獻回顧 6 2.3 阻尼器配置最佳化分析方法 9 2.4 討論 23 第三章 黏性阻尼器阻尼係數的計算與阻尼器最佳配置初步研究 24 3.1 黏性阻尼器阻尼係數計算 24 3.2 程式語言與結構分析軟體 26 3.3 阻尼器最佳配置初步研究 26 3.4 討論 46 第四章 簡易演算法 47 4.1 簡易法與移動策略 47 4.2 實例說明 48 4.3 移動策略與參數研究 58 4.4 動力分析所用數值方法概述 61 第五章 加裝線性黏性阻尼器於平面多層剪力屋架的最佳配置 64 5.1 研究案例說明 64 5.2 加裝兩種不同阻尼器數的最佳化配置 67 5.3 以不同地震力進行最佳化配置 70 5.4討論 73 5.5小結 75 第六章 三維不對稱多層房屋結構增設線性黏性阻尼器的最佳配置 98 6.1應用簡易法配置線性黏性阻尼器於三維不對稱多層房屋結構的演算程序 98 6.2案例說明 99 6.3 線性黏性阻尼器阻尼係數的決定與初始配置的選擇 101 6.4 簡易法用於不對稱結構增設線性黏性阻尼器的最佳配置 105 6.5小結 117 第七章 多層房屋增設非線性黏性阻尼器的最佳配置 119 7.1平面剪力屋裝設非線性黏性阻尼器的最佳配置 119 7.2非對稱多層房屋結構裝設非線性黏性阻尼器的最佳配置 120 7.3小結 133 第八章 結論與展望 135 8.1 結論 135 8.2 展望 137 參考文獻 13